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The journey of lead from mine to dentist

METALS FOR EVERYDAY LIFE

LEAD

Lead is your best friend in the dentist's chair. The metal is used in the protective equipment worn during X-ray examinations and helps shield both staff and patients from radiation. But lead is also used in everything from car batteries to cables and underground pipelines. A large proportion of the lead used today comes from recycled material, making lead one of the world's most circular metals. Here you can read more about how lead is extracted, refined, and used.

How we find lead

The extraction of lead and other metals always begins with exploration. This involves finding areas in the bedrock where there are high concentrations of metals and minerals. But finding the actual deposit is just the beginning of a process that takes many years and is followed by, among other things, test drilling, analyses, and permit reviews. Mining operations are planned with a long-term perspective that encompasses not just production, but also environmental work and resource management. So once the deposit has been found and the planning is complete, the next step in the journey from bedrock to finished metal begins.

Mining lead – How is it done?

Lead is often mined alongside other metals, particularly zinc and silver. We have a number of mines, for example Garpenberg, Renström, and Zinkgruvan, where ore is mined deep in the rock. Remote-controlled and automated machinery is frequently used, making operations both safer and more efficient. The ore is then transported to a concentrator plant where it is crushed, ground, and processed, so that lead and other metals can be separated from the surrounding rock material. A large proportion of the lead used today also comes from the recycling of used batteries, making lead one of the world's most circular metals. Each year we produce around 50,000 tonnes of recycled lead.

Processing lead – smelting & recycling

After mining and concentration – or after used batteries have been collected for recycling – the lead needs to be processed before it can be used again. At our smelter Bergsöe in Landskrona, the Nordic region's only lead recycling facility, the material is melted down to become raw material for new batteries. Each year, around four million car batteries are recycled at the facility. Over 90 percent of the recycled material is used to manufacture new batteries, which contributes to around 99 percent of all lead batteries in Europe being recycled. The plastic from the battery casings is also recovered and made into new products. In addition, the surplus heat from the facility contributes to the heating of around 2,000 homes in Landskrona.

How lead is used in everyday life

Many people come into contact with lead every day without realising it. The largest use is in batteries that power vehicles or provide backup power in places such as hospitals, mobile phone towers, and data centers. Lead is also used in protective equipment during X-ray examinations in healthcare, where the material helps to block harmful radiation. Thanks to its reliability and long lifespan, lead batteries are still found in most petrol and diesel cars and also play an important role in many electric vehicles. The metal is also used as moisture protection in cables and pipelines underground and underwater. But responsibility for lead production does not end once the metal has been extracted and used.

Read more about lead

What happens to the mine afterwards?

When mining comes to an end, a new chapter begins for the mine site. The reclamation work is planned before operations even start, and aims to reduce environmental risks, restore the land, and create value for the future. Since every mine has its own unique conditions, the measures are tailored to the needs of each location. This might involve water treatment, land restoration, or creating new habitats for plants and animals. In this way, our responsibility for the area continues long after the last ore has been mined.

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Contact

Boliden Head Office

Boliden Group
Klarabergsviadukten 90
P.O. Box 44, SE-101 20 Stockholm
Tel: + 46 8 610 15 00
Fax: + 46 8 654 80 90